Natural hazards are induced by natural phenomena such as landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes, storms, tsunamis, droughts and floods. Natural phenomena occur at irregular intervals and varying intensities. There are regions and locations which are more at risk than others, depending on factors such as geology, topography, and proximity of settlements and infrastructure to hazard sources. Natural hazards may be interrelated and may have global effects. Natural hazards often lead to disasters. The risk posed by a natural hazard is directly proportional to the population density in the area vulnerable to the risk. As our world develops, cities will grow, the population will rise and accordingly, exposure of lives and property to disasters will increase, although not evenly. Although exposure will increase, proper administration of policies and application of science and technology can reduce vulnerability and risk.
In this module different types of natural hazards are introduced and recommendations are made for teaching and communicating these phenomena.
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Cover photo: © Alabi Adeducfemi, EAGE/EFG 2016, Erosion vs Geomatics.
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